Eternal Law and Human Law

Unceasing Law and Human Law As people live in this world, laws and guidelines are carefully implemented for the equity, wellbeing, and privileges of the people. Regardless of whether those laws are endless or worldly, all laws require principles. Holy person Augustine’s On the Free Choice of the Will talks about these principles and characterizes what every laws mean. In particular, Augustine contends that interminable law is essential for transient law to exist and for the country to work appropriately. I concur with Augustine’s contention on the need of both interminable law and human law and the conviction of how worldly law depends on endless law.According to Augustine, unceasing law is a law that is simply, constant, and follows the best possible requesting and thinking. This endless law is additionally what the requesting of everything depends on. He additionally accepts that when one seeks after their life dependent on unceasing things, for example, truth, inform ation, and love, at that point they are carrying on with a real existence under interminable law. In any case, in the event that one chooses to carry on with an existence of want for transient things, for example, cash, assets, and physical appearances, at that point they are living under a worldly law where their bliss won't last long.This law, which is tradable with human law, makes a country all around requested, where the individuals are permitted to assign authorities with their own decisions and acquire numerous different rights. Endless and human laws proposed by Augustine are fundamental to society; however both basic, Augustine separates the two. Augustine clarifies that interminable law puts together its guidelines with respect to God and He is the leader of this law; this law is the law by which God controls all creation. It can likewise be described as the â€Å"divine reason or the desire of God, a will which orders the common order† (Fitzgerald and Cavadini, 583 ).On the other hand, transient law is liable to change in such examples as the appointment of another president, or establishment of new laws. While interminable law both controls human undertakings and administers unceasing things, human law is exclusively restricted to the guideline of human issues. Endless law is changeless and irreversible; there are no authorities or a president to interminable law since God is the norm, and consequently it is constant. Endless law is all around material where human law varies in the middle of countries and nations, even tates. In spite of the fact that there are numerous contrasts between interminable law and human law, Augustine expounds that unceasing law is both essential and significant for human law to exist. He accepts that what is viewed as just in human law is gotten from endless law. At the end of the day, â€Å"eternal law is the proportion of the fleeting law’s justice† (Dilman, 77). What is viewed as worldly might be modified as per the changing conditions of men and their social plans, yet at the same time stay just by the proportion of unceasing law.Human law exists in light of the fact that everlasting law is available to us right now at this time. Augustine reasons that endless law is simply; in this way everything is requested in the furthest extent under this law. I concur with Augustine in that endless law envelops human law. Perusing Augustine’s On Free Choice of the Will, I was persuaded that interminable law is perpetual in light of the fact that it is autonomous of the changing conditions of men, however worldly laws are continually changing as years pass by in light of the fact that we face new generations.Therefore, there must be where transient law can base on. Furthermore, that limit is everlasting law. For lucidity, a case of human law and endless law can be analyzed. A notable law that everybody ought to follow is that of the lawful drinking age. In the United States, the lawful drinking age is 21, notwithstanding, in different nations, for example, Mexico, the lawful drinking age is 18. Human law is diverse between numerous nations and it is worldly on the grounds that individuals in United States are raising their voices to bring down the drinking age to 18.Therefore, the legitimate drinking age law is liable to change as residents are continually raising this point. Nonetheless, in unceasing law there is no drinking age yet it is advising the sound person to not to get dependent on drinking and to discover more beneficial wants other than the utilization of liquor. Under everlasting law, drinking isn't what life is about; there are such a significant number of other huge undertakings and encounters that people need to satisfy during their life times in this world.Eternal law says to adore interminable things, not what is a transient bliss. With this model, I am contending that human law depends on interminable law since human law builds up the la wful drinking age so youthful ages can discover what their actual intelligence is before being acquainted with common delights and wind up lost without having understood the genuine reason for their reality. To adhere to transient law is to cherish the animal and the creation more than the Creator.The want for counterfeit and materialistic things will prompt discontent, both for the individual and the general public in general. In any case, on the off chance that all men cherished just endless things, at that point there would be no requirement for worldly law, which oversees our day by day lives. Subsequently, transient law is important to limit the activities of those men who love fleeting things. Fleeting law isn't intended to rebuff men who do adore transient things, however is fairly for the criminal activities that men perpetrate in view of their over the top wants for these things.This all returns to the possibility that God made the universe and He is the man of everlasting law, and we have to cherish him more than some other things in this world. Extraordinary advantages and gifts will be compensated to those men that truly look for insight, love, certified ideals, and truth than to those men that live unfairly aching just for riches, desire, physical excellence and numerous natural things. Taking everything into account, it is both significant that laws administer society and significant that laws request human decisions and relational relations.But it is increasingly important that interminable law oversees these laws of society since it is consistently present, extreme norm and endures no special cases. In this way endless law is essential for human laws to exist and control the defiled society to improve things. Works Cited Dilman, Ilham. â€Å"Free Will: A Historical and Philosophical Introduction. † Google Books. Routledge, n. d. Web. 19 Feb. 2013. Fitzgerald, Allan D. , and John C. Cavadini. â€Å"Augustine Through the Ages: An Encyclop edia. † Google Books. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. , n. d. Web. 19 Feb. 2013.

Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Culture - Research Paper Example nly by their kindred Irishman yet by Irish establishments, the consequence of which has been the propagation of the view of the gathering as a negative effect on the way of life. Proof of this is clear in the manner the gathering recognizes itself rather than how others distinguish them. While Travelers call themselves pavees, they are regularly alluded to by their kindred Irishman as pikeys, knackers and gyposâ€all exceptionally harsh terms basically shorthand for pickpockets and hoodlums. A guest to Ireland may hear them called â€Å"tinkers,† an apparently generous term yet additionally unfavorable in that as indicated by Irish legend tinkers, or tinsmiths were in some way or another engaged with the creation the cross of Christ. The genuine assignment, notwithstanding, may have more to do with the way that Travelers to introduce move from town to town selling and fixing pots among different occupations. Hedican (2000) in his survey of Heilleiner composes, â€Å"The birthplaces of the Irish Travelers ...are... obscure† (p.1). Utilizing history as a guide, Hedican (2000), as do different researchers, proposes, â€Å"One beginning legend co nsiders them to be the leftovers of Irish nobles lost their homes by the Cromwellian cleanse of Irish landed aristocracy...Another account follows their starting points to the Great Famine of the late 1840s† (p. 1). Countering the last hypothesis, legend and history follows the potential sources of the gathering as far back as pre-Celtic minstrels. Since Travelers have no recorded history, it is difficult to state, and the discussion proceeds. In spite of the fact that quite a bit of what is said and known is fringe, academic investigations present clear proof in regards to how and why these migrant individuals have come to be singled out in their nation, and furthermore the part which prejudice, in the entirety of its structures, plays in that prohibition. In 2005 the United Nations, worried about Irish institutional and government arrangements with respect to Travelers, requested a bookkeeping from the administration to the International Covenant for the Elimination of All Forms of Racial

Social Responsibility Ethics in Marketing

Social Responsibility Ethics in Marketing © Shutterstock.com | garagestockThough the pursuit of social responsibility and ethical marketing does not automatically translate into increased profit, it is still the responsibility of the firm to ensure it is responsible for its actions and their impact on society. This article will study, 1) understanding business ethics and socially responsible marketing, 2)  developing and implementing a socially responsible marketing plan, 3) main aspects of socially responsible marketing, 4) characteristics of socially responsible marketing, 5)  5 benefits of integrating ethics into your marketing strategy, 6) ethical issues faced in marketing, and 7) summary of unethical marketing practices that ruin companies.UNDERSTANDING BUSINESS ETHICS AND SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE MARKETINGTo be socially responsible is when the organization is concerned about people, society and environment with whom and where it conducts business. In it’s most basic form, socially responsible marketing is taking moral a ctions that encourage a positive impact on all the company’s stakeholders, including employees, community, consumers, and shareholders. The main responsibility of marketers in this aspect is to package and communicate the organization’s decisions that will impact the various communities with which they interact. Consumers have the right and power to decide which companies succeed or fail; so marketers have a major responsibility to ensure their practices are seen as philanthropic without being phony. BrandKarma is the perfect example of one of the means by which consumers make these decisions. Ethical Marketing in GeneralEthical Marketing is a philosophy that focus focuses on honesty, fairness and responsibility. Though wrong and right are subjective, a general set of guidelines can be put in place to ensure the company’s intent is broadcasted and achieved. Principles of this practice include:A shared standard of truth in marketing communicationsA clear distinction between adv ertising and sensationalismEndorsements should be clear and transparentConsumers’ privacy should be maintained at all timesGovernment standards and regulations must be adhered and practiced by marketers.American Ethical Norms and Values for marketersThe American Marketing Association has designed a statement of ethics that governs marketers’ actions. The introduction of the statement reads in summary that values are the representation of the collective idea of desirable and morally correct conduct. And that the values outlined in the document serve as the standard by which individuals measure their own actions and those of others including marketers. These values facilitate best practices when transacting business with the public and all involved.There are 6 ethical values that marketers are expected to uphold, and these are:Honesty Be forthright in dealings and offer value and integrity.Responsibility Accept consequences of marketing practices and serve the needs of customers of all types, while being good stewards of the environment.Fairness Balance buyer needs and seller interest fairly, and avoid manipulation in all forms while protecting the information of the consumers.Respect Acknowledge basic human dignity of all the people involved through efforts to communicate, understand and meet needs and appreciate contributions of others.Transparency Create a spirit of openness in the practice of marketing through communication, constructive criticism, action, and disclosure.Citizenship Fulfill all legal, economic, philanthropic and societal responsibilities to all stakeholders as well as giveback to the community and protect the ecological environment.Canadian Marketing Code of Ethics and Standards and PracticesThe Canadian Marketing Association also has a code of ethics and standards, which is a self-regulatory guideline for marketers. Though marketers are responsible for their marketing content, members of the CMA must abide the code. The principles of this code include:Truthfulness, which is an accurate representation of products and support of claims, made.Personal Information protection, which is defined in the Personal Information Protection and Electronics Documents Act (PIPEDA).Campaign Limitation covers non-involvement in disparaging or exploitative practices and the protection of vulnerable consumer groups such as children, teenagers, people with disabilities and the elderly.Merging Social Responsibility and MarketingCompanies are aware that consumers are savvy and opinionated. So with this in mind, firms should create an ethically sound marketing plan and integrate it into all aspects of their marketing mix.Do good not just to look good focus on being responsible and how your firm can truly help the neighborhood or country. It is in doing so that your customers, the press, and all those watching will be impressed.Think about long term effects, not short term gains short sighted companies will undervalue the impact o f responsible marketing for instantly gratifying increase.Speak up against company policies that do not reflect the ethical profile of the company as the face of the company, marketers should voice their concerns when there is a potential for a practice to be seen as unethical.DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING A SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE MARKETING PLANWhile ethics and social responsibility are sometimes used interchangeably, there is a difference between the two terms. Ethics tends to focus on the individual or marketing group decision, while social responsibility takes into consideration the total effect of marketing practices on society. In order to foster an ethical and socially responsible behavior pattern among marketers while achieving company objectives, special care must be taken to monitor trends and shifts in society’s values and beliefs. Next, marketers should forecast the long-term effects of the decisions that pertain to those changes. Bearing in mind that a company cannot sati sfy the needs of an entire society, it best serves marketers to focus their most costly efforts on their target market, while being aware of the values of society as a whole. Five simple steps every marketer can take to create a sustainable socially responsible market plan are:Define what is ethical marketing for your firm.Decide which branch of ethics your marketers will apply.Determine how the ethical approach to marketing will be implemented.Discuss areas of the firm’s operations that ethical marketing will be included as part of the program.Analyse and assess how much ethical marketing will cost the company and compare this against the benefits of ethical marketing in the long run.[cp_modal id=cp_id_75506] [/cp_modal]MAIN ASPECTS OF SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE MARKETINGSocial conscious marketing addresses the shortcomings of traditional marketing practices and follows the philosophy of mindfulness and responsibility. This philosophy states according to Chron.com, that company-marketing practices should be based on consumer satisfaction, innovative ideas and offer society long-term value and benefit.Below is the list of main aspects socially responsible marketing practice rely on. Consumer OrientationThis socially responsible practice teaches that companies should base policies and operations on a consumer perspective.   Not only will the marketer discover the customers’ needs, they will also, look at their plans as if they were the users.  As an example, an over crowded website with lots of ads dumped onto it will be easily spotted if the marketers were to practice this method.InnovationImproving products and services in innovative manner improves the experience for users. And improving ma rketing strategies, polices, and brand personality, on an ongoing basis will position your company as an innovative experience to be repeated and passed on.Value of the productA company that produces valuable products and focuses on offering the customer great pricing, excellent experiences and great customer service will not have to resort to pushy sales tactics and gimmicks. Apple brand is famous for having people happily wait in line overnight to be first to own an upgraded product.Sense of MissionA clearly defined corporate mission will help companies be clear about their plans, goals, and practices. By putting the good of the community and associates over profit, companies will indeed see an increase in the number of consumers willing to pay premium prices for their products.Impact On SocietyUnlike traditional marketing focus, which was cost reduction and profit increase, socially responsible marketers are more focused on providing goods and services consumers want, gaining fee dback for improvement and giving back to the communities that helped them become who they are.CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE MARKETINGMarketers get the right products to the right people at the right time. Ethical marketers ensure the products meet and exceed their needs, back up their claims and offer value to the customers over time while finding opportunities to pay it forward. A company that uses ethical and socially responsible marketing strategy will gain the respect and trust of the customers they target and interact with. Over long term, this will translate to greater benefits all round. Today’s firms can make their practices more ethical and responsible by perfecting the following characteristics.Safety: Any product or service that could be hazardous to the health conditions of people, animals or the environment should have clear advisories and warnings. Once the problem is identified the company can collect data to help improve the product and reduce or eliminat e the danger. An example would be fast food restaurants eliminating the use of hydrogenated oils even before trans fats were banned.Honesty: Ensuring a product satisfies a need it promises to, or aids in providing a lifestyle it advertises. Advertising should be transparent about possible side effects and not puff up results, so clients come to respect the honesty of your advertising.Transparency: Any techniques to manipulate and hide facts and information customers need could harm a company. Just think of the way people regard a company such as Enron that hid information and was not open to the stakeholders about what was happening.Ethical Pricing: Gathering data about your target market will give you information on how much they are willing to pay for your product. The rest of the pricing strategy, in a simplified manner, should be based on overhead costs and supply and demand. Creating fake shortages and bad mouthing the competition are considered unethical marketing practices.Re specting Customer Privacy: When customers trust enough to allow you access to their information, selling it to lead companies or obtaining prospective customers’ information without permission is unethical and breaks trust. Nobody wants to buy from the creepy guys, no matter how beautifully packaged their products are.5 BENEFITS OF INTEGRATING ETHICS INTO YOUR MARKETING STRATEGY#1: Moral Marketing Compass: This is especially important in economic downturns, when unethical practices become tempting.#2: Win-win Marketing: The focus on customer value will increase company value.#3: Keeps marketing legal: Reduces the risk of cutting corners and turning a blind eye.#4: Goodwill: Goodwill and strong reputation among clients and associates are the benefits which companies cannot afford to overlook. Not only will customers believe that the company cares for them, but will also associate the brand with pleasant feelings and experiences and spread the word.#5: Improved quality of recruits a nd increases retention: A good company attracts good employees, suppliers, investors, and customers, who will be happy to help the company to achieve its goals. Great marketing practices make new marketers feel like their time on the job will make a difference and so will be less likely to change jobs, as will suppliers and other people involved.ETHICAL ISSUES FACED IN MARKETINGSo far we have seen that ethical marketing can guide advertising, research and data use, strategies for gaining an edge over the competition and company polices. However, there can also be some problems that arise from trying to employ an ethical marketing strategy.Irresponsible Market Research: Improper market research and grouping can lead to stereotyping that shapes undesirable beliefs and attitudes and consequently affect marketing behavior. For example, assuming that all women like pink and therefore basing an entire advertising campaign on that belief could be a costly mistake.Selecting Specific Market Audience: According to Boundless.com, the use of selective marketing practice is to weed out the consumers considered by companies as less than ideal, but often causes social disparity and unrest. Practices such as Victoria Secrets’ Perfect Body Campaign, which came under a lot of fire from consumers for excluding every woman but those shaped like the long legged, thin and well endowed supermodels in their ad, can turn people away from a company.Unethical Advertising and Promotion: Making false claims about what the product does and its importance is an unethical way to gain profit.  For many years, Nestlé has been the target of many boycotts for predatory and aggressively marketing baby foods, especially to women in poorer countries as a better substitute to breastfeeding. This manipulative marketing technique has caused a lot of damage and loss to these children and their families.Delivery Channel practices: Marketing in ways like cold calling through telemarketing companies t hat purchase leads are not only annoying, they are disruptive and untrustworthy. Unsolicited approaches are these days almost synonymous with direct marketing and has left the industry with a tainted reputation. So have television commercials, email spam and direct mail, which people are going to significant lengths to avoid.Dealing with competitors: Many companies advertise cheap prices as a “bait” and then once they draw in the customers, “switch” them over to a more costly product, because the advertised good was not available, insufficient or not of any value to the customer. Many online surveys and work at home opportunities use this unethical marketing technique.Pricing strategies: Predatory pricing or pricing beneath the competition so as to cannibalize the market and restrict the competition is an unethical pricing strategy. And setting up barriers that prevent smaller companies from entering the market is unethical as well. SUMMARY OF (UN)ETHICAL MARKETINGTo sum thi s all up, in order to be ethical in marketing attempts, businesses should make honest claims, and excel at satisfying the needs of their customers. This practice over time builds trust and customer confidence in your brand’s integrity and therefore leads to loyalty, customer and employee retention, greet public relations and increase in business from customers spreading the word.Unethical marketing behaviors will achieve the exact opposite and in time could even lead companies into legal troubles and dissemination of a bad reputation and worse customer experience. Below are practices of unethical marketing, which you should avoid in order not to ruin your company.Exploitation â€" avoid using scare tactics and hard sell and protect the vulnerable consumer.Spam  avoid flooding a customer’s voicemail, mailbox, email or any other means of communication with unsolicited messages or aggressive advances.Bad mouthing Competition  focus on the value and benefit of your product and poin t out its unique selling point, the consumers are smart enough to choose the better product.Misleading Advertisement and Information â€"any exaggerated claims or dishonest promises will cause the customers to mistrust you and even determine the failure of your brand.Philanthropic gestures for public relations â€" giving to charities solely for a tax write off will make the company appear callous and uncaring and people tend to shy away from these types of companies and spend money where they feel the leaders and marketers are especially humane and gracious.

How to Conjugate Nourrir (to Feed) in French

If you can remember that it also means to nourish, you can  associate the French verb  nourrir  with to feed. Its also important to remember that its different from  manger, which means to eat.  The primary difference is that  nourrir  is typically used when feeding someone else, not necessarily eating food yourself. Along with memorizing the word nourrir, youll also need to know its conjugations. This lesson will introduce you to the most basic of those so you can say things like I fed and we are feeding. The Basic Conjugations of  Nourrir Proper French grammar requires verb conjugations so the verb may be used to form complete sentences. The most common conjugates are in the indicative mood, which let you express  nourrir  in the present, future, or imperfect past tense. Nourrir  is a  regular -ir verb. This means it follows a relatively common conjugation pattern found in French. If youve studied verbs like  reunir  (to reunite)  or  punir  (to punish), you can apply the same endings you learned for those to this verb. In any conjugation, its important to identify the verb stem (or radical) before anything else. For  nourrir, that is  nourr-. From there, youll add a new ending for every subject pronoun within each tense. The chart will help you learn which ending is required. For instance,  I am feeding is  je nourris  and we will feed is  nous nourrirons. Present Future Imperfect je nourris nourrirai nourrissais tu nourris nourriras nourrissais il nourrit nourrira nourrissait nous nourrissons nourrirons nourrissions vous nourrissez nourrirez nourrissiez ils nourrissent nourriront nourrissaient The Present Participle of  Nourrir As with all regular -ir verbs, the present participle of nourrir is formed with an -issant ending. This produces the word nourrissant. Nourrir  in the Compound Past Tense The compound past tense in French is the  passà © composà ©. It requires the  past participle  nourri  along with an auxiliary verb, in this case,  avoir. Begin by conjugating  avoir  into the present tense to match the subject, then attach  nourri. This results in compounds such as  jai nourri  (I fed) and  nous avons nourri  (we fed). More Simple Conjugations of  Nourrir While you can learn more complex conjugations, a few more simple forms of  nourrir  will round out this introductory lesson. Theyre useful in a few different circumstances and can really help out your French vocabulary. The subjunctive  is a verb mood that implies uncertainty to the act of feeding.  The conditional  says that the action will only happen under certain conditions. Though you may only find the literary tenses of  the passà © simple  and  the imperfect subjunctive  in written French, they are still good to know. Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je nourrisse nourrirais nourris nourrisse tu nourrisses nourrirais nourris nourrisses il nourrisse nourrirait nourrit nourrà ®t nous nourrissions nourririons nourrà ®mes nourrissions vous nourrissiez nourririez nourrà ®tes nourrissiez ils nourrissent nourriraient nourrirent nourrissent The  imperative  is the one time in French verbs when its okay to skip the subject pronoun. When using it, feel free to simplify  tu nourris  to  nourris. Imperative (tu) nourris (nous) nourrissons (vous) nourrissez

Essay on Conflict Management - 1382 Words

Introduction to conflict The term conflict referred to perceived incompatible differenced resulting in some form of interference or opposition. Conflict is a natural part of organizational life because the goals between mangers and workers are often incompatible. If people perceive that differences exist then conflict state exists. Conflict is not exists between individual only, it also can exist between departments and divisions that compete for resources or even because of overlapped authority. However, conflict is a force that needed to be managed or to be resolved but can not be eliminated. Unless is fully resolved, it may remain latent in the situation as a lingering basis for future conflicts over or related to a same matter.†¦show more content†¦The sources of Conflict The sources of conflict can be basically separated into three categories which are communication differences, structural differences and personal differences. Communication differences mean the failure of two individuals to share fully the meaning of a communicative attempt. It is arises from semantic difficulties, misunderstandings, and noise in communication channels. There maybe disagreements caused by different role requirement, unit goals, personalities, value systems or other factors. Since in an organization, people and tasks are divided into departments to accomplish an organization ¡Ã‚ ¦s goals, departments may only concern on their own department efficiency and cost controlling. Therefore, they have incompatible goals and time horizons, as a result there can be conflict. For example, a production department may have there own production plan to produce a product and avoid paying production workers overtime in order to cut down costs. However, the Marketing department thinks that it is important to deliver the product to their customer on time and paying overtime to workers is a kind of responsibility to their customers. Sometimes, there are two or more managers or departments would think that they had authority over a certain activities or tasks, and claim authority on the same tasks. But most of managersShow MoreRelatedConflict Management1178 Words   |  5 PagesConflict is a fact of life - for individuals, organizations, and societies. The costs of confl ict are well-documented - high turnover, grievances and lawsuits, absenteeism, divorce, dysfunctional families, prejudice, fear. What many people dont realize is that well-managed conflict can actually be a force for positive change. 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When individuals are in a disagreement about something like policies and procedures or even the overall direction of which an organization or company is heading it can become very frustrating. As we all know conflict the process of conflict usually begins when an individual or party has perceived

Evolution of Patriarchy and Matriarchy in Ancient...

The Evolution of Matriarchy to Patriarchy Patriarchy is defined as â€Å"a system in which men largely control women and children and also shape ideas about appropriate gender behavior.† Throughout history, climate change brought on changes throughout all developing civilizations and societies, most importantly in agriculture. The development of agriculture led to the formation of complex societies, the idea of surplus, population growth, and new technologies. As these effects of agriculture became more prominent in growing societies, women were unable to participate in some of the economic and agricultural activities due to their biological purpose – reproduction. The new working environments were unsuitable for children, which caused women†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"All of these societies gave women considerable influence within a matrilineal culture, even if men usually had the decision making power.† During these societies, it can be said that the â€Å"Golden Age of Matriarchy†4 occ urred during this period of time where simple farming and hunting and gathering was a major role. All of the societies that engaged in simple farming and hunting and gathering had more powerful and authoritative roles in society because they were not fully focused on reproduction. Instead, these societies wanted to limit their population due to inefficient amounts of resources. As climate change took over in Mesopotamia such as extreme flooding of the Nile River in Egypt and the growing problem of desertification, societies could no longer rely on hunting and gathering. These methods were no longer producing the amount of food needed to support the steadily growing civilizations. Farming techniques were introduced which caused societies to develop new and complex ways for food production such as irrigation, horticulture, and shifting cultivation. â€Å"Food production and urbanization led to the formation of states: formal political organization.† The change from simple farm ing to complex farming made it harder for women to participate because of reproduction. Since the society was growing so rapidly, there came a need for more people in the society with all of the jobs created. The role of women became primarily focused on reproduction, which created aShow MoreRelated Women in Ancient Times: from Matriarchy to Patriarchy Essay2508 Words   |  11 Pages Women in Ancient Times: from Matriarchy to Patriarchy In addition to age, gender is one of the universal dimensions on which status differences are based. Unlike sex, which is a biological concept, gender is a social construct specifying the socially and culturally prescribed roles that men and women are to follow. Women have always had lower status than men, but the extent of the gap between the sexes varies across cultures and time. Images of women, mostly figurines of the same type as the quot;Venusquot;Read MoreWomen in Ancient Times: from Matriarchy to Patriarchy2592 Words   |  11 Pagesconsiderably more important, if not dominant, role in Paleolithic society; that possibly a matriarchy existed and women ruled. That means men havent always been the leaders; its not an inborn quality (as a lot of them suggest)! br brJohann Bachofen was a 19th Century Swiss archaeologist and classicist who was among the first to recognize the presence of an early matriarchal stage in proto-European cultural evolution. Bachofen used Greek myth to support his arguments. He felt that there were three culturalRead MoreGender Inequality and Patriarchy Essay1777 Words   |  8 Pages Gender inequality has been an issue since long before the 1840s, when feminists finally brought the problem to light. Most ancient cultures were societies based on gender inequality, skewed towards male-dominance. Most societies are still mostly patriarchal, in fact. Patriarchy is the root of discrimination between sexes and genders and has been for a very long time. The words ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ are commonly confused with each other in regular, everyday conversations when the two have veryRead MoreJudy Chicago Dinner Party Essay6539 Words   |  27 Pagesstudios make up the informative core of this documentary film. In an unpublished manuscript entitled The Revelations of the Goddess, Chicago creates a mythic context for The Dinner Party. The book begins with the creation of the world and the early Matriarchy, and then describes the establishment of Patriarchal society. The Great Goddess prophesies that one day the wisdom of women will be needed again: Until that day, in each generation, some of your daughters and their daughters must be my Disciples

Recruitment And Selection Function Of Human Resource Management

Question: Discuss about the Recruitment And Selection Function Of Human Resource Management. Answer: Introduction Recruitment and selection function of human resource management is extremely important as it helps in finding the right candidate for a job(Armstrong, 2011). It is difficult to find candidates for high skilled jobs because supply of skilled workforce is less than its demand. This issue can be resolved by directly contacting skilled candidates(Brown, 2011). Directly contacting candidates or head hunting is a special form of recruitment where an individual is directly contacted by an organisation for recruitment purpose. Recruitment Plan Recruitment plan helps in making proper recruitment strategies (Dhamija, 2012). Following is a recruitment plan for hiring wind turbine engineer to lead an energy project. Recruitment Plan Recruitment Objectives- Attracting candidates with high level of expertise and skills in project management, communication, legal systems and leadership abilities. Filling the skill deficit in the organisation by hiring a suitable candidate for the requirement of wind turbine engineer through directly contacting candidates. Recruitment Budget- $10000 Job Description Title: Senior Wind Turbine Engineer Location - Tasmania Reporting to- CEO Job purpose summary Leading the project Supervising construction Negotiating with Government planners Managing labour issues Salary- $350 000 per annum plus housing, a car and relocation allowance of $25 000. Hiring strategy Directly contacting candidates to take part in the recruitment process Shortlisting of companies from which the head hunting is to be done Procuring details and contact numbers of employees of various companies suiting the job description Hosting of expert centric conferences and seminars to generate a database of suitable candidates who are working for other companies. Use of social media to contact candidates Contacting the candidates and offering them a chance to take part in the recruitment process Fixing an appointment for interview if possible. Finalization of the candidates based on interview Table 1: Source: Made by Author (2017) Based on (Kurtzberg Naquin, 2011) The above recruitment plan will help Aurecon in hiring skilled candidates for the job. Person Specification Person specification enlists all the skills and other attributes which are needed for a specific job (Gummadi, 2015). Following is the person specification for wind turbine engineer Person Specification Job Role Senior Wind Turbine Engineer Education Qualification- Wind Turbine Engineering from a reputed and recognised national or international institution. Required Skills Good interpersonal and Communication skills Leadership abilities Analytical skills Decision making abilities Team management skills Negotiation skills Conflict management skills Knowledge Requirement The candidate should have knowledge in the field of constructing energy infrastructure. The candidate should be able to manage the project from inception to implementation stage. The candidate should be having good knowledge of legislations Experience Required Minimum 5 years of experience in managing a project Attributes Must be honest Must be dedicated and goal oriented Must be a team person Must be respectful towards subordinates, colleagues and seniors Must be organised Must appear professional in both attire and mannerism Age Specification- 30-45 Years Gender specification- Both Male and Female Table 2: Source: Made by Author (2017) Adapted from (Nikolaou, 2016) The above person specification will help in getting a clear idea about the type of candidate needed for the recruitment of an engineer for Aurecon. Ethical issues in recruitment and section of the successful candidate There are certain jobs in every organisation which are highly skill and expertise oriented(Wilson, 2012). Additionally, such jobs require lot of experience. Therefore, it is difficult to find suitable candidates for such jobs through traditional recruitment and selection strategies(Kusluvan, et al., 2010). Hence, many companies use Head hunting or directly contacting suitable candidates as a recruitment strategy. Head hunting is becoming extremely common in the area of high skills jobs(Brown, 2012). While recruiting an engineer for Aurecon, recruiters may face certain ethical issues while recruiting through the head hunting method(Punnett, 2015). Many thinkers of management believe that it is unethical to try and disintegrate the workforce of another company by offering a better pay package. However, some experts also believe that a firm has the right to try and find new and skilled candidates(Gummadi, 2015). Therefore, there is nothing wrong in directly contacting a candidate. However, repeated calls should not be made. Additionally, the candidate should not be contacted at the workplace. Sometimes recruiters tend to oversell a position by offering too high a pay package(Boxall, 2015). This is unethical in the sense that it amounts to luring a candidate. Recruiter should only speak about the offer he actually intends to make at the final selection stage. Another ethical issue facing the recruiter while recruiting for Aurecon is if the candidate refuses to accept the offer(Brown, 2012). Many recruiters keep on calling the candidates to convince them. However, this should not be done(Boxall, 2015). Therefore, while recruiting for wind turbine engineer, all these ethical issues should be keept in mind. Approaching the candidate for direct recruitment Direct candidate contact for recruitment or head hunting can only be successful if the recruiter approaches the candidate in the correct manner(Brown, 2011). Many head hunting attempts fail because the recruiters use a wrong approach. For the purpose of recruiting of turbine engineer at Aurecon, the recruitment process should be clear, concise and to the point(Brown, 2011). As these candidates are working for other companies, the recruitment agency should try to locate their personal contact number, email ids and social networking handles. The candidates should be contacted by phone or through social media networks like Linkedin or Twitter. Appropriate time to speak with them should be sought. The process should go further only if they are ready to speak and /or provide an appropriate time to speak(Dhamija, 2012). Whenever the candidate is ready to speak, the job position should be pitched at the candidate in a clear and concise manner(Boxall, 2015) If the candidate asks for further details an email should be sent and another follow up call should be made(Brown, 2012). The agency should try to determine the candidates interest and only after determining this, interview should be scheduled. Additionally, confidentiality of the candidate should be maintained. Therefore, the candidate shoals be approached in the most ethical and efficient way possible. Behavioural traits required in the candidate As per human resource management theory, certain important behavioural traits are required in the workforce(Armstrong, 2011). As the candidate for the job at Aurecon will be handling a project independently, certain leadership and team behavioural traits are required in the candidates. The candidate should have the ability to lead and take decisions(Bryman, 2013). He should be responsible and active in making important changes(Bryman, 2013). This will inculcate trust and respect in the workforce for the project engineer. The candidate should be friendly, interactive and approachable so that workforce can confide in him(Armstrong, 2011). He should behave in an unbiased way with regards to work and co-workers(Bach Edwards, 2012). Cooperation, coordination and enthusiasm are also important traits to be sought in a person who is supposed to lead a project. The potential candidate for project engineer should exhibit behavioural traits that increase team morale and productivity of the members of the project workforce(Brown, 2011). Candidate should be a positive thinker and should be able to involve all the team members in idea generation and decision making. These traits can be tested through behaviour and psychometric testing. Certain questions will be asked to the candidates and their answers will be judged to ascertain whether they have the needed traits(Karim, 2013) . Additionally, certain situation and roles will be given to them and their reaction and behaviour in these situations will be judged(Armstrong, 2011). Therefore, through effective understanding of the traits needed for the job, right candidate can be selected. Determining the candidate with the right fit Recruitment and selection is a long drawn process where resumes of various suitable candidates are sourced and interviews and tests are conducted to determine the right candidate for the job(Armstrong, 2011). To determine the right candidate who best fits the job of turbine engineer at Aurecon, process of filtering out the candidates should be used(Brown, 2011). At the onset the CVs which do not match the job description should be rejected. Only those candidates should be called for interview who best match the qualification and experience requirement. After the interview, those candidates should be filtered out who do not match the skills and abilities criteria(Brown, 2011). Further, only those candidates should be shortlisted who have the desired behavioural traits like leadership, interactive behaviour, friendliness etc. If after this process there is more than one candidate who matches the criteria, the firm should test their ability to take decision in a difficult situation so that the firm can get a person who can handle tough situation(Boxall, 2015). The recruiter should also try to identify unique skills like degree of enthusiasm and dedication level in order to arrive at a final selection decision. Therefore, best and the most suitable candidate should be selected after deep assessment of skills, abilities, traits and qualification of candidates. Conclusion Direct recruitment or head hunting is a need of the business for jobs with high skills specification. However, the head hunting should be done after planning the job requirements and ascertaining the required traits of the job. Additionally, all the ethical issues should also be taken into account before undertaking this activity. References Armstrong, M., 2011. Armstrong's Essential Human Resource Management Practice: A Guide to People Management. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Bach, S. Edwards, M., 2012. Managing Human Resources: Human Resource Management in TransitionStephen Bach, Martin Edwards. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Boxall, P., 2015. Strategy and Human Resource Management. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Brown, J., 2011. The Complete Guide to Recruitment: A Step-by-step Approach to Selecting, Assessing and Hiring the Right People. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Brown, J. N., 2012. The Professional Recruiter's Handbook: Delivering Excellence in Recruitment Practice. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Bryman, A., 2013. Leadership and organizations. New York: Routledge. Dhamija, P., 2012. E-recruitment: a roadmap towards e-human resource management. Researchers World,, 3(3), p. 33. Gummadi, R., 2015. Recruitment and selection practices of it companies in andhra pradesh a study of select units. Hydrabad: Zenon Academic Publishing. Karim, M. R., 2013. Recruitment Selection: Psychometric and Social perspective model. Norderstedt: GRIN Verlag. Kurtzberg, T. R. Naquin, C. E., 2011. The Essentials of Job Negotiations: Proven Strategies for Getting What You Want. Westport: ABC-CLIO. Kusluvan, et al., 2010. The human dimension: A review of human resources management issues in the tourism and hospitality industry. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 51(2), pp. 171-214. Nikolaou, I., 2016. Employee Recruitment, Selection, and Assessment: Contemporary Issues for Theory and Practice. New York: Psychology Press. Punnett, B. J., 2015. International Perspectives on Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management. NewYork: M.E. Sharpe. Wilson, J. P., 2012. International Human Resource Development: Learning, Education and Training for Individuals and Organizations. London: Kogan Page.